加拿大西安大略大學John Whalley在對外經(jīng)濟貿(mào)易大學進行了一場名為阿明頓假設和最優(yōu)關稅的規(guī)模的講座，講座的主要內(nèi)容是：

　　已經(jīng)有評論在世界貿(mào)易體系應對大震蕩的2008年金融危機的成功似乎沒有報復性市場收盤爆發(fā)。大報復性關稅以及20世紀30年代風格的低迷交易的擔憂的威脅已與數(shù)值模擬交易中的100%過激行為有關該項目后報復最優(yōu)關稅。在相關數(shù)值模擬，通常由國家使用的產(chǎn)品異質(zhì)性的阿明頓假設。在這里，我們認為，并顯示通過數(shù)值計算的廣泛使用這種假設產(chǎn)生很大的向上的偏差，以最佳的關稅，包括第一步和后報復，相對于貿(mào)易理論用于替代同質(zhì)不錯的機型。

　　原文：There has been commentary on the seeming success of the world trading system responding to the large shock of the 2008 financial crisis without an outbreak of retaliatory market closing. The threat of large retaliatory tariffs and fears of a 1930s style downturn in trade have been associated with numerical trade modelling which project post retaliation optimal tariffs in excesses of 100%. In the relevant numerical modelling it is common to use the Armington assumption of product heterogeneity by country. Here we argue and show by numerical calculation that the widespread use of this assumption gives a large upward bias to optimal tariffs, both first step and post retaliation, relative to alternative homogenous good models used in trade theory.