領(lǐng)導(dǎo)系統(tǒng)（leadership system）是指在整個(gè)組織中領(lǐng)導(dǎo)職能是如何以正式和非正式的方式實(shí)施的，這是決策制定、溝通和實(shí)施的依據(jù)和方式。它包括決策的結(jié)構(gòu)和機(jī)制，雙向溝通，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者和管理者的選拔與培養(yǎng)，對(duì)價(jià)值觀、道德行為、方向和績(jī)效期望的強(qiáng)化。

　　有效的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)系統(tǒng)尊重員工及其他利益相關(guān)者的能力和要求，對(duì)績(jī)效和績(jī)效改進(jìn)設(shè)定高的目標(biāo)。它基于組織的價(jià)值觀和對(duì)共同目標(biāo)的追求，來(lái)構(gòu)筑忠誠(chéng)和團(tuán)隊(duì)合作。它鼓勵(lì)和支持主動(dòng)精神以及適當(dāng)?shù)拿半U(xiǎn)，使組織機(jī)構(gòu)服從于宗旨和職能，避免決策路徑過(guò)長(zhǎng)的指揮鏈。有效的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)系統(tǒng)包括了領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者自我檢查、獲取反饋并進(jìn)行改進(jìn)的機(jī)制。

　　Leadership System

　　The term “l(fā)eadership system” refers to how leadership is exercised, formally and informally, throughout the organization; it is the basis for and the way key decisions are made, communicated, and carried out. It includes structures and mechanisms for decision making; two-way communication; selection and development of leaders and managers; and reinforcement of values, ethical behavior, directions, and performance expectations.

　　An effective leadership system respects the capabilities and requirements of workforce members and other stakeholders, and it sets high expectations for performance and performance improvement. It builds loyalties and teamwork based on the organization’s vision and values and the pursuit of shared goals. It encourages and supports initiative and appropriate risk taking, subordinates organizational structure to purpose and function, and avoids chains of command that require long decision paths. An effective leadership system includes mechanisms for the leaders to conduct selfexamination, receive feedback, and improve.

　　行政管理在職研究生招生簡(jiǎn)章盡在研招網(wǎng)。行政管理在職研究生主要學(xué)習(xí)行政學(xué)、政治學(xué)、管理學(xué)、法學(xué)等方面的基本理論和基本知識(shí)，能在黨政機(jī)關(guān)、企事業(yè)單位、社會(huì)團(tuán)體從事管理工作以及科研工作的行政管理在職研究生人才。受到行政學(xué)理論研究、公共政策分析、社會(huì)調(diào)查與統(tǒng)計(jì)、外語(yǔ)、公文寫(xiě)作和辦公自動(dòng)化等方面的行政管理基本訓(xùn)練，具備行政管理在職研究生的基本能力及科研的初步能力。