《英語(yǔ)翻譯基礎(chǔ)》科目是北京外國(guó)語(yǔ)大學(xué)英語(yǔ)筆譯和英語(yǔ)口譯碩士研究生的重要考試科目，英語(yǔ)學(xué)院研究生教育包括英語(yǔ)文學(xué)、語(yǔ)言學(xué)與應(yīng)用語(yǔ)言學(xué)、翻譯學(xué)、美國(guó)研究、英國(guó)研究、澳大利亞研究、加拿大研究和愛(ài)爾蘭研究等方向，重視系統(tǒng)的專業(yè)知識(shí)傳授和嚴(yán)格的研究方法訓(xùn)練。課程設(shè)置旨在夯實(shí)英語(yǔ)功底，拓展學(xué)術(shù)視野，培養(yǎng)具有人文素養(yǎng)、獨(dú)立研究能力和開(kāi)拓精神的高級(jí)外語(yǔ)專門(mén)人才。北京外國(guó)語(yǔ)大學(xué)碩士研究生科目英語(yǔ)翻譯基礎(chǔ)考試試題如下：

　　I. Translate the following terms into Chinese. (15 points, 1 point each)

　　1.TPP

　　2.AKA

　　3.RSVP

　　4.GUI

　　5.CIF

　　6.Grand Prix

　　7.life expectancy

　　8.national treatment

　　9.cholesterol

　　10.displaced person

　　11.Interpol

　　12.insurance policy

　　13.Payable at sight

　　14.No Loitering

　　15.World Anti-Doping Agency

　　II. Translate the following terms into English. (15 points, 1 point each)

　　1.21世紀(jì)海上絲綢之路

　　2.閱兵

　　3.傳銷(xiāo)

　　4.抗日戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)

　　5.華僑

　　6.和平共處五項(xiàng)原則

　　7.川菜

　　8.傭金

　　9.人民幣離岸市場(chǎng)

　　10.轉(zhuǎn)基因玉米

　　11.農(nóng)藥殘留

　　12.不可抗力

　　13.電磁爐

　　14.消防通道

　　15.天下為公

　　III. Translate the following passage into Chinese. (60 points)

　　Human history is the story of a species so skilled at exploiting and altering its environment that it now has the power to create new life forms genetically or destroy life on a vast scale and extinguish many species. As builders, colonists, and conquerors, humans have shown an astonishing capacity to invent, transform, and lay waste. "Wonders are many, but none is more wonderful than man," wrote the Greek playwright Sophocles. "Cunning beyond fancy's dream is the fertile skill which brings him, now to evil, now to good."

　　Humans owe their phenomenal ability to alter the world for good or ill to a process of evolution that began in Africa more than four million years ago with the emergence of the first hominids: primates with the ability to walk upright. Early hominids stood only three or four feet tall on average and had brains roughly one-third the size of the modern human brain, which limited their capacity to reason or speak. But their upright posture and opposable thumbs (used to grip objects between fingers and thumb) allowed them to gather and carry food and process it using simple tools.

　　IV. Translate the following passage into English. (60 points)

　　孔子是中國(guó)古代最著名的思想家、教育家、哲學(xué)家，儒家學(xué)派創(chuàng)始人。對(duì)中國(guó)思想文化的發(fā)展有極其深遠(yuǎn)的影響�？鬃拥淖嫦缺臼撬螄�(guó)的貴族，后因避宮廷禍亂而遷居魯國(guó)�？鬃拥母赣H是一名武士，雖躋身于貴族之列，但地位很低�？鬃尤龤q時(shí)，父親便去世了，他跟著母親過(guò)著貧困的生活。他年輕時(shí)做過(guò)管理倉(cāng)庫(kù)和掌管牛羊畜牧一類(lèi)的小官，魯定公時(shí)，孔子曾任主管司法，政治生涯到了頂峰�？鬃�55歲退出政壇，離開(kāi)魯國(guó)去周游列國(guó)，宣揚(yáng)自己的政治主張。晚年回到魯國(guó)一心一意講學(xué)和整理古代文獻(xiàn)資料，并根據(jù)魯國(guó)史官所記修訂了《春秋》。