加拿大西安大略大學(xué)John Whalley在對(duì)外經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易大學(xué)進(jìn)行了一場(chǎng)名為阿明頓假設(shè)和最優(yōu)關(guān)稅的規(guī)模的講座，講座的主要內(nèi)容是：

　　已經(jīng)有評(píng)論在世界貿(mào)易體系應(yīng)對(duì)大震蕩的2008年金融危機(jī)的成功似乎沒(méi)有報(bào)復(fù)性市場(chǎng)收盤(pán)爆發(fā)。大報(bào)復(fù)性關(guān)稅以及20世紀(jì)30年代風(fēng)格的低迷交易的擔(dān)憂(yōu)的威脅已與數(shù)值模擬交易中的100%過(guò)激行為有關(guān)該項(xiàng)目后報(bào)復(fù)最優(yōu)關(guān)稅。在相關(guān)數(shù)值模擬，通常由國(guó)家使用的產(chǎn)品異質(zhì)性的阿明頓假設(shè)。在這里，我們認(rèn)為，并顯示通過(guò)數(shù)值計(jì)算的廣泛使用這種假設(shè)產(chǎn)生很大的向上的偏差，以最佳的關(guān)稅，包括第一步和后報(bào)復(fù)，相對(duì)于貿(mào)易理論用于替代同質(zhì)不錯(cuò)的機(jī)型。

　　原文：There has been commentary on the seeming success of the world trading system responding to the large shock of the 2008 financial crisis without an outbreak of retaliatory market closing. The threat of large retaliatory tariffs and fears of a 1930s style downturn in trade have been associated with numerical trade modelling which project post retaliation optimal tariffs in excesses of 100%. In the relevant numerical modelling it is common to use the Armington assumption of product heterogeneity by country. Here we argue and show by numerical calculation that the widespread use of this assumption gives a large upward bias to optimal tariffs, both first step and post retaliation, relative to alternative homogenous good models used in trade theory.